Об английском с любовью. Conditionals. Упражнения на первое, второе и третье условие (повторение) Английский условные предложения упражнения

Упражнения по теме: «Условные предложения 1 типа»

1 переведите

1) If I am late for work, my chief is angry.
2) A person doesn"t eat meat if he/she is a vegetarian.
3) If I get up early, my father drives me to school.
4) Everything is wet if it rains.

2 переведите

1. Если ты хочешь хорошую работу, ты должен хорошо учиться.
   2) Ты не должен много есть, если хочешь похудеть.
   3) Если хранить кофе в морозильнике, то аромат сохраняется дольше.
   4) Собака радуется, когда видит хозяина

1. Найдите правильный вариант

1. If it______, we won"t go to the park.

a) will rain
b) rains
c) will not rain
d) doesn’t rain

2. You won"t pass the exam,______ you work hard.

a) if
b) when
c) unless
d) as soon as

3.When we_____ ready, I’ll call you.

a) will be
b) are

4. You will pay back, as soon as you_____ a new job.

a) find
b) will find

5. I will see you when you______ in Moscow next time.

a) are
b) will be

6. What will you do, when you______ out the truth?

a) will find out
b) have find out
c) find out

4 раскройте скобки

1. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.
2. If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.
3. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone.
4. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year.
5. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.
6. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea part

Продолжаем отрабатывать условные (Conditional Sentences in the Future) и временные предложения (Adverbial Clauses of time in the Future) в будущем. Всегда начинаем с несложных упражнений, а именно:

Во-первых, надо понять и выучить назубок подчинительные союзы (слова-связки). Учить по списку – пустая затея; самый беспроигрышный вариант – отслеживать союзы в предложениях. Упражнения с союзами: ; уже написаны. Переводя английские условные и временные предложения необходимо уяснить разницу между

Во-вторых, надо “увидеть” в английских предложениях грамматическое правило образования придаточных предложений условия и времени в будущем. Для этого надо читать как можно больше английских предложений в данном грамматическом поле. Тогда новая, только что усвоенная грамматика будет узнаваема.

Разобравшись с союзами и освоив основное правило условных и временных придаточных в будущем, можно выходить на средний уровень (intermediate).

В следующих предложениях надо раскрыть скобки и поставить глаголы в нужном времени. Само собой разумеется, предложения надо перевести.

1. Before John (to start) for London he (to come) to my place to say good-bye.

2. You (to invite) Tom to our party when you (to see) him?

3. Your granny (to be amazed) when you (to see) the view.

4. I (to catch) the train if I (to take) a taxi?

5. You (not to go) until I (to know) the truth.

6. You (to phone) me as soon as you arrive in London?

7. If Ann (to look after) the luggage, I (to buy) the tickets.

8. What he (to do) if he (to fail) his exam?

9. You (to have) a bicycle of your own when you (to be) older.

10. If a beggar (to ask) you for money, you (to give) him any?

11. What you (to do) when you (to graduate from) your University?

12. Let’s go to the cafe when the concert (to be over).

13. I hope we (to see) before you (to leave).

14. You (to forgive) Tom if he (to apologize) to you?

15. Stay at home until your husband (to return). Give him the note as soon as he (to come).

16. What you (to do) if you (to want; to hire) a taxi?

17. If I (to meet) Mary today I (to speak) to her.

18. The child (not to improve) unless his elder brother (to set) him a good example.

19. You (must; to help) him if he (to be) in trouble.

20. Henry (to be busy) when we (to return) home?

21. I (not to go) to the party unless you (to come) with me.

22. You (can; to play) the piano if you (to like).

23. The boy (to complain) if I (to punish) him?

24. Don’t get off the bus until it (to stop).

25. You (can; to do) this work If he (to fail) you?

26. I (not to express) an opinion until I (to know) the facts.

27. If he (to make) another attempt, he (to succeed)?

28. The river (not to begin; to rise) until some rain (to fall).

29. I (to write) to you when I (to leave) England.

30. As soon as Henry (to spend) that money He (to try; to borrow) some more.

31. We (to go) to the country tomorrow if the weather (to be) fine?

32. The train (not can; to move) until the the snow (to fall).

33. If you (to take) more interest in the language you (to succeed).

34. Don’t leave the house until you (to wash) your face.

35. What you (to do) if your children (to behave) badly?

36. When John (to grow) a beard, even his closest friends (not to recognize) him.

37. You (to go) with us to the ZOO tomorrow if you (to be) a good boy.

38. You (to help) me if I (to need) you?

39. If you (to leave) the letter on the table, my sister (to post) it for you.

40. What you (to do) if you (not to share) your companion’s opinion?

Conditional sentences

(grammar material,practice)

Compiled by V.Kiselyova

Conditional sentences I

( Условные предложения I типа )

Состоят из главного предложения и придаточного предложения условия.

Они выражают реальные условия,относящиеся к настоящему или будущему

времени.

Схемы условных предложений I типа

If … V 1(-S) … … will V 1 ... … . 1)

Придаточное услов. Главное

If I have time I will visit an exhibition.

(Pr.Simple) (Future Simple)

... will V (1) … … if … V 1(-S) … . 2)

Главноепридаточноеусловия

The children will get good marks if they write the test correctly.

(Future Simple) (Present Simple)

«если» - в условных предложениях (Present Simple )

If

«ли» - в косвенных общих вопросах (Future Simple )

Practice

I

1. If I … him I will invite him to join us.

a) will see b) see

2. We’ll be late unless we … .

a) will hurry b) hurry

3. If it … fine tomorrow,we’ll go for a picnic.

a) is b) will be

4. If I see him,I … him that book.

a) will give b) give

5. If he … all these apples,he will be ill.

a) eats b) will eat

6. If you … away,I’ll call my brother.

a) will not go b) do not go

7. If he … late,we’ll go without him.

a) will be b) is

8. If he … hard today,can he have a holiday next week?

a) works b) will work

9. If you … this magazine,I’ll bring you another.

a) will not like b) do not like

10. If he … university now,he will be sorry afterwards

a) leaves b) will leave

II 1. I’ll look for your book and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring.

If you put the ice cubes into very hot water,they (crack).

If he (win),he (get) 100,000 dollars;if he (come) in second,he (get) 50,ooo.

If he (want) more money,he (have) to do more work.

If you (not take) this book to the library tomorrow,you (have) to pay a fine.

If you (like),I (get) you a job in this company.

If the weather (be) good,we (go) to the country.

I (tell) him the whole truth if I (know) it.

If he (invite) me,I (go) to his party.

If it (freeze) tonight,the roads (be) very slippery tomorrow.

III 1. We wonder if he (come) home on time.

They ask if the boy (want) to join us.

If the weather (be) fine tomorrow,we’ll go for a walk.

I don’t know if she (come) to the party.

The mother wants to know if her son (take) part in the concert.

If it (rain) we (take) umbrellas.

The teacher wonders if you (make) a report at the next lesson.

The child (fall) ill if he (go) to bed too late every day.

IV Finish the sentences.

If I go to the USA this summer,I will visit … .

If I feel hungry this evening,I will eat … .

If I have time next weekend,I shall go … .

If I have to write a story for homework,I will write about … .

If you come to my home,you will see … .

If it is cold tomorrow,I will put on … .

If we finish early today … .

If I quarrel with my parents … .

If I lose my keys … .

If we get too much homework … .

If my fried gets into trouble … .

I’ll eat my hat if … .

We will be very happy if … .

I will be angry with my friend if … .

Will you help me if … ?

V Make up sentences.

If I go to …,I’ll see (visit)… .

You’ll see …,if you travel (go) to … .

Tests

I 1. If you go to the party you (enjoy) every minute of it.

2. My friend (get) the first place if he (take) part in the competition.

3. Она приготовит очень вкусный обед,если придут друзья.

II 1. I will come home late if I (stay) to make a wall newspaper.

The students (attend) the lecture if it (be) interesting.

Если мои родители достанут билеты,они пойдут вечером в

театр.

III 1. If my friend (come) to see me,I will be very glad.

If mother buys a cake,we (have) a very nice tea party.

IV 1. If you (be) free,I shall come to see you.

If she knows English,she (try) to enter the university.

If I (live) in Moscow,I (visit) the Tretyakov Gallery.

Live in the South go to bed at once

Come home late bathe every day

If I receive his letter I will be very sorry

Find my book be very glad

Lose my money be very happy

See my friend ask his advice

VI 1. If it snows,we … at home.

A) stay b) will stay

2. If she gives him her address,he … her a letter.

A) will write b) writes

VIII 1. We (drink) tea,if we (have no) coffee.

My friend (go) to the USA,if he (win) the competition.

Poem

Will You Come?

Will you come? Would you come?

Will you come? Would you come

Will you ride If the noon

So late Gave light,

At my side? Not the moon?

O,will you come? Beautiful,would you come?

Will you come? Would you have come?

Will you come Would you have come

If the night Without scorning,

Has a moon Had it been

Full and bright? Still morning?

O,will you come? Beloved,would you have come?

If you come,

Haste and come.

Owls have cried;

It grows dark

To ride.

Beloved,beautiful,come!

Edward Thomas

Conditional sentences II

(Условные предложения II типа)

Выражают маловероятные и нереальные условия,относящиеся к настоящему

или будущему времени.

Схемы условных предложений II типа

1) If … V 2 … … would V 1 … … .

Придаточное главное

If we visited the Tretyakov Gallery we would see paintings of famous artists.

Придаточное главное

2) … would V 1 … … if … V 2 … … .

Главноепридаточное

They would speak English fluently if they learned the words.

Future-in-the Past Past Simple

Главное придаточное

В придаточных предложениях – was were - для всех лиц и чисел

If I were you I would not make such a mistake.

«если бы» - в условных предложениях (Past Simple )

If

«ли» - в косвенных вопросах (Future-in-the Past)

Practice

Insert the verbs in the correct form.

If I had a spare ticket,I … take you to the cinema.

a) would b) will

2. John suggested that I should … for another job.

A) look b) have looked

3. If she … you,she would be able to advise you.

A) had been b) were

4. We were afraid lest he should … too early.

A) have come b) come

5. She would buy a new fur coat if her husband … enough money.

A) would give b) gave

6. If the students attended all the lectures,they … their exams successfully.

A) would pass b) passed

7. If I were you I … him.

A) would not forgive b) did not forgive

8. I would help the poor if I … very rich.

A) would be b) were

9. If I were a doctor,I … people healthy.

A) made b) would make

10. They … to the country if the weather were better.

A) would go b) went

II 1. If I (know) his name,I’d give it to you.

He (look) a lot better if he did more esercise.

If he worked more carefully,he (not make) so many mistakes.

I wouldn’t do that if I (be) you.

More tourists would come to this seaside if it (have) better climate.

If someone (give) you a submarine,what would you do with it?

If you (not belong) to a union,you couldn’t get a job.

If I (win) a big prize in a lottery,I’d give up my job.

He might get fat if he (go on) eating like that.

If he knew that it was dangerous,he (not come).

III 1. If you (go) on a diet,you (lose) weight.

If we (work) all night,we (finish) in time.

If I see a tiger walking across Hyde Park,I (climb) a tree.

If you (keep) a cat,the mice (not run) about everywhere.

If it (be) summer,the people (not sit) round that big fire.

If you (paint) the walls white,the room (be) much bigger.

If he (take) any exercise,he (not be) so unhealthy.

If they (speak) English to her,her English (improve).

If I (ask) him for help,he (help) me.

If I (know) his address,I (can) write to him.

IV Finish the sentences.

If you ate less … .

If she practiced more … .

You would look better if … .

If you came in time … .

If you didn’t shake the camera so much,your photographs … .

If I could live anywhere I wanted,I would live … .

If I had a museum,I would collect … .

If we were all geniuses … .

If you came to visit me … .

I would stand on my head if … .

I would go to the Canary Isles if … .

V Make “Chains of events”.

1. (Boys) – If I won a car in a lottery … .

2. (Girls) – If I won the title of “Miss Universe” … .

Poem

Quiet Girl

I would liken you

To a night without stars.

Were it not for your eyes.

I would liken you

To a sleep without dreams

Were it not for your songs.

Langston Hughes

Conditional sentences III

( Условные предложения III типа)

Выражают совершенно невыполнимые условия ,не реализованные в прошлом.

Схемы условных предложений III типа

1) If … had V 3 … … would have V 3 … … .

Придаточное главное

(Past Perfect) (Future Perfect)

If you had known grammar better your composition would have been a success.

2) … would have V 3 … … if … had V 3 … … .

Главноепридаточное

The children would have travelled to England if the tickets had been free.

If «если бы»

I Match the parts of the sentences.

1. I would have bought a new coat if a)she would not have waited

2. He would have given her diamonds if for him so long.

3. Her life mighthave been saved if b)everything would have been

4. If he had taken my advice all right.

5. If you have checked the petrol before we started c)only I had had enough

6. If she had not loved him money.

D)he had stolen them from the

Museum.

E)the doctors had taken better

Care of her.

F)we would not have made so

Many stops.

II Insert the verbs in the correct form.

If I had known that you were in hospital,I … you.

a) would have visited b) had visited

2. If you … ten minutes earlier,you would have got a seat.

a) would have arrived b) had arrived

3. I wouldn’t have believed it if I … it with my own eyes.

a) had not seen b) would not have seen

4. If I … that you were coming,I’d baked a cake.

a) would have known b) had known

5. If I … what a bad driver you were,I wouldn’t have gone with you.

a) had realized b) would have realized

6. If he had known that the river was dangerous,he … to swim across it.

a) would not have tried b) had not tried

7. If you … more slowly,he might have understood you.

a) had spoken b) would have spoken

8. If he had known the whole story,he … so angry.

a) would not have been b) had not been

9. If I … again,I think that I would have succeeded.

a) would have tried b) had tried

10. If I … ready when he called,he would have taken me with him.

a) would have been b) had been

III 1. If there (be) any snow round there,we (go) skiing.

If my friend (know) my address,he (find) my house.

If I (receive) your letter,I (answer) it.

If he (give up) smoking,he (look) better.

If we (invite) them,they (come) to our party.

If I (know) they need me,I (come) at once.

If we (learn) the truth,she (be) very angry.

If he (study) more,he (pass) his exam easily.

If the story hadn’t been true,the newspaper (not print) it.

We (go) by air if we (have) enough money.

IV Make “Chains of events”.

If Cinderella hadn’t met a Fairy … … .

If Prince Gvidon and his mother hadn’t been thrown into the ocean in the

barrel … … .

If tsar Dadon hadn’t taken the golden cock from the wise old man … … .

Tests

Variant 1

What … you … if your car was broken?

A) will … do; B) would … do

b) All the students … the lesson if the teacher explains it again.

A) will understand; B) would understand

c) If you paid more attention to grammar,you … the composition better.

A) will write; B) would write

d) If you found a purse in the street,you … it to the police.

A) will take; B) would take

e) My parents … upset,if I lose my key.

A) will be; B) would be

f) You … a good time if you stayed at a hotel.

A) will have; B) would have

g) We … to the theatre if Peter wasn’t well.

h) If the weather was bad,we … out.

A) would not go; B) would not have gone

i) If he had stopped the bus,the accident … .

A) would happen; B) would have happened

j) I would have gone out if my mother … at home.

A) wasn’t; B) had been

k) If I … George,I would have invited him to the party.

A) knew; B) had known

l) If youhad done that,you … all right.

A) would have been; B) would be

Translate into English.

Я пришёл бы к вам вчера,если бы вы позвонили мне.

На вашем месте я попытался бы поехать в 3 часа.

Variant 2

Choose the right form of the verb.

What … he … if he won a million dollars?

A) will … do; B) would do

b) If they catch the train,they … in time.

A) will arrive; B) would arrive

c) If you took more exercise,you … better.

A) will feel; B) would feel

d) If it stopped raining,they … shopping.

A) will go; B) would go

e) If I didn’t pass my exam,I … on vacation.

A) will not go; B) would not go

f) I … very angry,if you did not come to my birthday.

A) will feel; B) would feel

g) If I had known it,I … to meet them.

A) would go; B) would have gone

h) If the bloue matched the shirt,she … it.

A) would buy; B) would have bought

i) If you didn’t wear a warm coat,you … cold.

A) would be; B) would have been

j) He would have been late for his job if he … the train.

A) had missed; B) missed

k) If you … that,you would be poisoned.

A) drank; B) had drunk

l) If the weather … warmer they would have enjoyed the picnic.

A) had been; B) was

Translate into English.

Я бы ему написал,если бы вчера узнал его адрес.

Если бы я поехал в Атланту,я бы посетил Музей «Кока-колы».

Ключи к тесту:

A e) A h) A k) B

B f) B i) B l) A

a) B d) B g) B j) A

b) A e) B h) A k) A

C) B f) B i) A l) A

Задание 2

Задание 2

а ) I would have come to you

yesterday,if you had called me.

b) If I were you,I would try to

go at 3 o’clock.

a) I would have written him,if

I had known his address yester-

day.

b) If I went to Atlanta,I would

visit Coca-cola museum.

Short tests (5-10 minutes)

Conditionals II

Put the verbs in the right form.

If he (not read) so much,he would not be so clever.

If you were not so careless about your health,you (consult) the doctor.

My father (have) more free time if he (not read) so many newspapers.

If she (not be) so absent-minded,she would be a much better student.

If you were a poet,you (write) beautiful poems.

If you (ring) me up,I (tell) you a secret.

Conditionals III

If I had met you yesterday I (tell) you something.

I (get) a good mark if I had learned my lessons.

If I (read) this new book I (find) out all about this discovery.

If she (not help) me,I should have been in a very tough situation.

He (meet) his friend if he had come to our house yesterday.

If you (let) me know yesterday,I (bring) you my book.

Open the brackets and write each sentence in the I,II and III types of Conditionals.

If you (be) free,I (come) to see you.

If I (see) her,I (be) glad.

If we (receive) a telegram from him,we (not worry).

If you (be) busy,I (wait).

Conditionals of the I,II,III types.

Open the brackets and write each sentence in the I,II,III types of Conditionals.

If you (come) on time,we (catch) the train.

If the team (win) the match,it (be) a champion.

Make up the sentences.

At home go to bed at once.

If I am a poet I would got that book.

In the South be very sorry.

If I (were) come home late bathe every day.

Gone to the library I will gone to the theatre.

Fall ill been pleased.

If I had (been) had a ticket yesterday I would have write nice poems.

Met you yesterday have a good time.

Lose my money go to the doctor

Translate .

Если погода была бы(будет)хорошая,мы бы играли(будем) играть в футбол.

Определительные придаточные предложения в английском языке (Relative clauses)

Что это такое и как этим пользоваться?

Relative clause - или на русском определительное придаточное предложение, - это часть сложного предложения, которое зависит от главного. Оно обычно соединяет два маленьких предложения в одно или просто добавляет новую интересную информацию, чтобы вам было понятнее, давайте посмотрим пример.

I have a mother who works as a doctor. - У меня есть мама, которая работает врачом.

I missed the bus that was going to take me to church. - Я пропустила автобус, который должен был отвезти меня в церковь.

Defining relative clauses (Ограничительные определения)

Defining relative clauses дают важную информацию о

Сравните:

1. My sister, who lives in London, is coming to Paris.

2. My sister who lives in London is coming to Paris.

В первом предложении, придаточное предложение who lives in London - это non-defining relative clause. Это придаточное предложение сообщает дополнительную информацию: у меня есть только одна сестра и она живет в Лондоне. Если опустить информацию о том, где живет моя сестра, все равно будет понятно, что мы хотим сказать.

Второе предложение - это defining relative clause: у меня есть несколько сестер, и в данный момент я говорю о сестре, которая живет в Лондоне.

В defining relative clauses мы можем опустить слово-связку

I"ve eaten the pasta (which) I made yesterday.

Ограничительные придаточные предложения при письме не выделяются запятыми.

Non-defining relative clauses (Распространительные предложения)

Non-defining relative дают дополнительную информацию о подлежащем. Придаточное предложение в этом случае выделяется с двух сторон запятыми.

That project, which I started years ago, still isn"t finished.

Упражнения.

1 .

1. That is the shop ____ was awarded as the best shop in the city. 2. The girl ____ brother go with me to the gym is a good singer. 3. The man ____ broke into our house was caught in two days. 4. She visits her grandmother ____ lives in countryside every summer. 5. She was wearing a dress ___ looked like princess’. 6. The bookshelf ____ we bought last week has broken down. 7. The man ___ was sitting on the bench turned around and saw his granddaughter. 8. A woman ____ son was crying paid no attention to him. 9. The woman ____ car had broken down on her way home spend 3 hours waiting for help. 10. My best friend ____ I have known for years will never let me down. 11. He didn’t follow the instructions ____ he was given, so he failed to pass the test. 12. The girl ___ lived next door was very shy and couldn’t say a word to protect herself at school. 13. I need to buy a laptop ____ can work up to 5 hours without a charger. 14. My father ___ is a doctor has no idea how to repair a car. 15. The photo ____ is placed on the mantel was taken at the picnic two years ago.

2. Поставьте подходящее относительное местоимение who, which, that, when, why, where или whose.

His sister, … name is Lara, works at the library.

Her last film, … I couldn’t understand at all, was a great success.

Give him something … will take away the pain.

I work in the town … my son lives.

We’ll show you the poem … changed my life.

Doctors, … claim money, are shameless.

Is there a shop near here … sells milk?

That’s the main reason … I came to you.

I’ll never forget my childhood … I was so happy.

People … live in flats shouldn’t have animals.

The car … he bought last month is fantastic.

This is the most beautiful waterfall … we have ever seen!

3. Соедините предложения, используя придаточные предложения.

Н-р: My dad works in a factory. It makes parts for computers. (Мой отец работает на фабрике. Она производит детали для компьютеров.) – The factory … makes parts for computers. – The factory where my dad works makes parts for computers. (Фабрика, на которой работает мой отец, производит детали для компьютеров.)

There is a bakery near my house. It sells wonderful pies. – The bakery … sells wonderful pies.

They lived in a cottage. It was struck by lightning. – The cottage … was struck by lightning.

Jane made a seafood salad. Nobody likes it. – Nobody likes the salad … .

Jack is an architect. He designed the Opera House. – Jack is the architect … .

The woman didn’t apologize. Her cat bit me. – The woman … didn’t apologize.

Madonna is a famous American singer. Her parents were born in Italy. – Madonna … is a famous American singer.

The apartment is the biggest in the house. The lawyer lives there. – The apartment … is the biggest in the house.

We play tennis in a sports centre. It is very expensive. – The sports centre … is very expensive.

Ответы

1. which 2. whose 3. who 4. who 5. that 6. that 7. who 8. whose 9. whose 10. whom 11. that 12. who 13. that 14. who 15. that

whose (Его сестра, чье имя Лара, работает в библиотеке.)

which/that (Ее последний фильм, который я совсем не понял, имел большой успех.)

that (Дай мне что-нибудь для снятия боли.)

where (Я работаю в том городе, где живет мой сын.)

which/that (Мы покажем вам стихотворение, изменившее мою жизнь.)

who (Врачи, требующие денег, бессовестны.)

that/which (Здесь есть поблизости магазин, продающий молоко?)

why (Это основная причина, почему я пришел к вам.)

when (Я никогда не забуду свое детство, когда я был так счастлив.)

who (Люди, проживающие в квартирах, не должны иметь животных.)

which/that (Машина, которую он купил в прошлом месяце, фантастическая.)

that (Это самый красивый водопад, который мы когда-либо видели!)

The bakery which is near my house sells wonderful pies. (Булочная, расположенная у моего дома, продает прекрасные пирожки.)

The cottage where they lived was struck by lightning. (Коттедж, в котором они жили, был поражен молнией.)

Nobody likes the salad which Jane made. (Никому не нравится салат, который приготовила Джейн.)

Jack is the architect who designed the Opera House. (Джек – архитектор, спроектировавший Оперный театр.)

The woman whose cat bit me didn’t apologize. (Женщина, чья кошка укусила меня, не извинилась.)

Madonna, whose parents were born in Italy, is a famous American singer. (Мадонна, чьи родители родились в Италии, является знаменитой американской певицей.)

The apartment where the lawyer lives is the biggest in the house. (Квартира, в которой живет адвокат, самая большая в доме.)

The sports centre where we play tennis is very expensive. (Спортивный центр, в котором мы играем в теннис, очень дорогой.)

Ответы:

neither (Мы спросили их обоих, но никто из них не знает его адрес.)

either (Он жил в Милане и в Мадриде, но ему не понравился ни один из городов.)

either – or (Она очень стройная. Думаю, она или спортсменка, или модель.)

either – or (Анна никогда не работает целый день. Она работает или утром, или после обеда.)

either (У него 2 машины, но мне не нравится ни одна из них.)

both (Она не могла сделать свой выбор, ей нравились они оба.)

either (Ты можешь поехать в Оксфорд или на автобусе, или на поезде.)

Either (Вы будете рыбу или курицу? – Без разницы. Или то, или то подойдет.)

(Вы будете яблочный или апельсиновый сок? – Ни то, ни другое, спасибо. Я не люблю сок.)

(Вы будете салат или стейк? – И то, и другое. Я такой голодный.)

either (Разве он не пользуется одним из телефонов?)

neither – nor (Моя старая бабушка не могла ни читать, ни писать.)

Neither (Никто из них не пригласил меня, поэтому я туда не ходил.)

both (Тебе следует держать обе руки на руле.)

either (Я не люблю фильмы ужасов, и мой муж тоже не любит.)

Both (И у мамы, и у папы зеленые глаза.)

neither (Я попросил двоих друзей помочь мне с тестом, но никто из них не знал ответ.)

either (Ее платье было либо черным, либо коричневым.)

either (Попроси Фреда или Линду купить немного молока.)

neither – nor (Мы не можем встретиться ни сегодня, ни завтра. Я ужасно занят.)

Either, neither, both

Для того чтобы перейти к более подробному рассмотрению этой темы, изуч им переводы этих союзов:

neither ... nor - ни... ни;

either ... or - или... или, либо... либо;

both ... and - и... и, как... так и.

Теперь изучим каждое из этих сочетаний в отдельности.


Neither ... nor - ни... ни

Данный союз является отрицательным и служит для соединения однородных членов предложения. Чтобы его употребление было более понятным, изучите несколько примеров.

Neither Kate nor her friend answered the question (союз соединяет подлежащие) - Ни Катя, ни ее подруга не ответили на вопрос.

We brought neither books nor copy-books (союз соединяет дополнения) - Мы не принесли ни книг, ни тетрадей.

We mustn"t neither help, nor lend the money to John (союз соединяет сказуемые) - Мы не обязаны ни помогать, ни давать денег взаймы Джону.

We bought neither old nor new flat (союз соединяет определения) - Мы не купили ни старую, ни новую квартиру.

Обратите внимание на то, что союз neither ... nor соединяет любые члены предложения: это могут быть подлежащие, определения, дополнения, сказуемые и т.д.

Следует запомнить, что сочетание neither ... nor часто служит для соединения подлежащих, тогда сказуемое согласуется с ближайшим подлежащим. Но это правило обычно не соблюдается, и сказуемое ставится во множественном числе, как показано в примерах выше.

Рассмотрите это примечание на примере.

Neither my friends nor Kate want s to go to a party - Ни мои друзья, ни Катя не хотят идти на вечеринку (сказуемое согласуется с ближайшим подлежащим).

Neither my friends nor Kate want to go to a party - Ни мои друзья, ни Катя не хотят идти на вечеринку (сказуемое стоит во множественном числе - обычно употребляется этот вариант перевода).

Также необходимо обратить внимание на тот факт, что в английском предложении может быть только одно отрицание, а так как союз neither ... nor - отрицательный , сказуемое в предложении всегда должно быть утвердительным. Это видно из всех выше приведенных примеров.

Если neither

Изучите пример.

We neither sent the parcel nor the letter - Мы не отправили ни посылку, ни письмо.

Either ... or - или... или, либо... либо

Данный союз используется в утвердительных предложениях, соединяя однородные члены. В отличие от союза neither ... nor, either ... or , соединяя подлежащие, согласуется с ближайшим из них.

Чтобы употребление данного союза было более понятно, изучите несколько примеров.

Either our classmates, or your friend has complained to the teacher - Или наши одноклассники, или твой друг нажаловался учителю.

Если either не относится к подлежащему, то его можно ставить перед глаголом-сказуемым.

They will either build a restaurant or a shopping center in this district - Они построят либо ресторан, либо торговый центр в этом районе.

Если предложение отрицательное, то союз either ... or может выступать в роли союза neither ... nor .

Изучите пример.

We didn"t paint either ceiling or wall - Мы не покрасили ни потолок, ни стену.

Both ... and - и... и, как... так и

Данный союз используется в утвердительных предложениях и соединяет однородные члены предложения. Если союз соединяет подлежащие, то сказуемое необходимо употреблять во множественном числе.

Изучите несколько примеров.

Both John and that engineer refuse to work - И Джон, и тот инженер отказываются работать.

We saw both the university and the school - Мы видели как школу, так и университет.

1. Выберите из скобок подходящий вариант.

We have asked them both but … (neither/both) of them knows his address.

He has lived in Milan and Madrid but he didn’t like … (either/neither) of the cities much.

She is very slim. I think she is … (either/neither) a sportsman … (or/nor) a model.

Anna never works all day. She works … (either/neither) in the morning … (or/nor) after lunch.

He has 2 cars, but I don’t like … (either/neither) of them.

She couldn’t choose between them, she liked them … (both/either).

You can take … (either/neither) a bus or a train to get to Oxford.

Would you like fish or chicken? - It doesn’t matter. … (Either/Both) will do for me.

Would you like apple juice or orange juice? - … (Either/Neither), thanks. I don’t like juice.

Would you like some salad or some steak? - … (Either/Both). I’m so hungry.

Doesn’t he use … (either/neither) of his phones?

My old granny could … (either/neither) read … (or/nor) write.

… (Either/Neither) of them invited me, so I didn’t go there.

You should keep … (either/both) hands on the steering wheel.

I don’t like horror films, and my husband doesn’t like … (either/neither).

… (Either/Both) my mother and father have green eyes.

I asked two friends to help me with the test, but … (either/neither) of them knew the answer.

Her dress was … (either/both) black or brown.

Please ask … (either/neither) Fred or Linda to buy some milk.

We can meet … (either/neither) today … (or/nor) tomorrow. I am terribly busy.

Fill in the gaps and complete the sentences. Use either... or, neither... nor, both... and.

1. I drink ... coffee ... hot chocolate. 
 2. I didn"t like the new book. It was ... interesting ... useful. 
 3. I invited two friends, but ... Liz ... Jane could come to the . 
 4. Granny promised me a nice dessert. It will be ... a chocolate cake ... an apple pie. 
 5. Last year I visited ... London ... St Petersburg. 
 6. Alex will phone me ... at five o"clock ... at six o"clock. 
 7. No, thank you. I"ll have ... tea ... coffee.

8. - Did anybody come to see you last week?

Nobody did.... Julia... John was there.

9. - Have they arrived yet?

No, they haven’t. But I expect them… today… tomorrow.

10. Borrow some money from your friends.... Ann... Mary will help you.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

1 Underline any relative pronouns that can be left out in these sentences.

1 I think that my boss is the person who I admire most.

2 Harry, who was tired, went to bed very early.

3 Were taking the train that leaves at 6.00.

4 Have you seen the book that I left here on the desk?

5 The film which we liked most was the French one.

6 My radio, which isn’t very old, has suddenly stopped working.

7 The clothes which you left behind are at the reception desk.

8 The couple who met me at the station took me out to dinner.

9 Last week I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t seen for ages.

10 Don’t cook the meat that I put in the freezer - it’s for the dog.

2 Replace the relative pronouns in italics with that , where possible.

1 This is the magazine which I told you about.

... This is the magazine that I tild you about .............................

2 John’s flat, which is in the same block as mine, is much larger.

3 The girl whose bag I offered to carry turned out to be an old friend.

4 The policeman who arrested her had recognized her car.

5 I work with someone who knows you.

6 We don’t sell goods which have been damaged.

7 Brighton, which is on the south coast, is a popular holiday resort.

8 I don’t know anyone whose clothes would fit you.

9 There’s a cafe near here which serves very good meals.

10 People who park outside get given parking tickets.

3 Underline the most suitable word in each sentence.

1 My friend Jack, that / who / whose parents live in Glasgow, invited me to spend Christmas in Scotland.

2 Here’s the computer program that / whom / whose I told you about.

3 I don’t believe the story that / who / whom she told us.

4 Peter comes from Witney, that / who / which is near Oxford.

5 This is the gun with that / whom / which the murder was committed.

6 Have you received the parcel whom / whose / which we sent you?

7 Is this the person who / which / whose you asked me about?

8 That’s the girl that / who / whose brother sits next to me at school.

9 The meal, that / which / whose wasn’t very tasty, was quite expensive.

10 We didn’t enjoy the play that / who / whose we went to see.

4 Put one suitable word in each space, or leave the space blank where possible.

MURDER AT THE STATION by Lorraine Small Episode 5: Trouble on the 6.15 The story so far:

Jane Platt, (1) ….who... is travelling to London because of a mysterious letter, is the only person (2)............................ witnesses a murder at Victoria Station. The detective to (3)........................... she gives her statement then disappears. Jane goes to an office in Soho to answer the letter (4)................................. she had received. There she discovers that her uncle Gordon, (5)............................... lives in South America, has sent her a small box (6)............................ she is only to open if in trouble. Jane,(7)......................... parents have never mentioned an Uncle Gordon, is suspicious of the box, (8)........................... she gives to her friend Tony. They go to Scotland Yard and see Inspector Groves, (9)............................... has not heard of the Victoria Station murder, (10)....................... was not reported to the police. Jane gives Inspector Groves the murdered man"s ticket, (11)........................... she found beside his body. Then Jane and Tony decide to go to Redhill, (12)................................... was. The town (13)....................... the murdered man had come from. On the train they meet a man, (14).................................. face is somehow familiar to Jane, (15)......................... says he knows her Uncle Gordon …

5 Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the space blank where possible.

1 My bike, ...wich............ I had left at the gate, had disappeared.

2 The shoes............................ I bought were the ones................................... I tried on first.

3 The bag in.........................the robbers put the money was found later.

4 The medicine.............................the doctor gave me had no effect at all.

5 Peter,................................... couldn’t see the screen, decided to change his seat.

6 I really liked that tea............................. you made me this morning.

7 What was the name of your friend.................................... tent we borrowed?

8 The flight......................................... Joe was leaving on was cancelled.

6 Make one sentence from each group of sentences, beginning as shown.

1 The hotel was full of guests. The hotel was miles from anywhere. The guests had gone there to admire the scenery.

The hotel, which. ..was miles from anywhere was full of guests who had gone there to admire the scenery......

2 I lent you a book. It was written by a friend of mine. She lives in France.

The book I...........................................................................................................

3 A woman’s handbag was stolen. A police officer was staying in the same hotel. The woman was interviewed by him.

The woman whose...........................................................................................

4 A goal was scored by a teenager. He had come on as substitute. This goal won the match.

The goal which......................................................................................................

5 I was sitting next to a boy in the exam. He told me the answers.

The boy I.......................................................................

6 My wallet contained over £100. It was found in the street by a schoolboy. He returned it.

My wallet,.............................................................................................................

7 My friend Albert has decided to buy a motorbike. His car was stolen last week. My friend Albert,..............................................................................

8 Carol is a vegetarian. I cooked a meal for her last week. She enjoyed it. Carol,......................................................................................................................

7 Make one new sentence from each pair of sentences. Begin as shown, and use the word given in capitals.

8 Make one sentence from each group of sentences, beginning as shown.

1 I got on a train. I wanted to go to a station. The train didn’t stop there.

The train I.. got on didn"t stop at the station I wanted to go to ......................

2 I read a book. You recommended a book to me. This was the book.

The book I........................................................................................................................

3 The ship hit an iceberg and sank. Warning messages had been sent to it. The ship ignored these.

The ship,............................................................................................................................

4 The postman realized I was on holiday. You had sent me a parcel. The postman left it next door.

The postman,....................................................................................................................

5 I used to own a dog. People came to the door. The dog never barked at them. The dog I...........................................................................................................................

6 I bought my bike from a woman. She lives in a house. You can see the house over there.

The woman I....................................................................................................................

7 We went to a beach on the first day of our holiday. It was covered in seaweed. This smelled a lot.

The beach we...................................................................................................................

8 My neighbours have three small children. The children make a lot of noise.

My neighbours never apologize.

My neighbours,................................................................................................................

9 I bought a new computer. It cost me a lot of money.

The new.............................................................................................................................

9 These sentences are all grammatically possible, but not appropriate in speech. Rewrite each sentence so that it ends with the preposition in italics.

1 Margaret is the girl with whom I went on holiday.

... Margaret is the girl I went on holiday ..........................

2 The golf club is the only club of which I am a member.

3 That’s the girl about whom we were talking.

4 It was a wonderful present, for which I was extremely grateful.

5 This is the school to which I used to go.

6 Is this the case in which we should put the wine glasses?

7 Can you move the chair on which you are sitting?

8 That’s the shop from which I got my shoes.

9 Is that the person next to whom you usually sit?

10 This is Bill, about whom you have heard so much.